Tuesday 8 September 2015

7th SEPTEMBER 1849-1929 BALAKRISHNA BUA ICHALKARANJIKAR

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Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pandit Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar
Born1849
OriginMaharashtraIndia
Died1926 (aged 77)
GenresHindustani classical music
Occupation(s)Classical Vocalist
Years active1867–1920
Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar (1849–1926) was an Indian vocalist of Khayal-genre of Hindustani classical music. He learnt under Gwalior gharana, and brought its singing style to Maharashtra, also became the "founder of Khayal music in Maharashtra".[1]

Early life and background[edit]

Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar was born in Maharashtra.
He travelled to Gwalior, then Mecca of Khayal style in Indian Classical Music, and learned under Vasudeorao Joshi. He then returned to Maharashtra, and settled near Miraj because its climate suited him. Soon Miraj and the area near it became a major hub of Hindustani classical music and has remained so for more than 100 years. It is a combination o conducive cultural climate, the aptitude shown for classical music by people in the area, and tireless efforts of teachers among whom Balakrishnabuwa, being the first to bring the gayaki to western India, deserves to be put on a special pedestal.

Disciples[edit]

Buwa's slow, majestic singing was marked by gravitas. His chief disciples include Neelakanthbuwa Mirajkar,Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, his own son Annabuwa, Anant Manohar Joshi (Antu-buwa), Mirashi buwa and Vamanbuwa Chafekar. Annabuwa predeceased him. His son's death caused him great sadness in his final years.

Legacy[edit]

While he had some reservations about his disciple Paluskar's efforts towards popularising music, Paluskar played a major role in expanding appeal of classical music to common folks. Most other styles of singing have had their origins in Gwalior Gharana because it was among the earliest styles to take root and enjoy wider popularity.

Gwalior Gharana of Classical Music

Gwalior gharana of Indian classical music is easily the doyen amongst Khayal gharanas. The master figure Gwalior gharana was Ghulam Rasul of Lucknow. Then came Nathan Pirbux who migrated from Lucknow to Gwalior and his illustrious descendents Haddu Khan, Hassu Khan, Nathu Khan, Muhammad Khan, and Rahmat Khan. This gharana showed unparalleled mastery and control over the Todi group of Ragas.
All the Ustads of this gharana were Court singers of Gwalior Durbar. Haddu and Hassu Khan were liberal teachers. They taught Shahdad Khan the great grandfather of Vilayet Khan Sitariya. More importantly this gharana produced a string of very illustrious disciples from Maharashtra led by Balkrishna Bua Ichalkaranjikar, Vasudev Joshi and Baba Dixit. Balkrishna Bua trained the legendary Vishnu Digambar Paluskar who literally carried the flag of Gwalior gharana to Bombay, Pune, and Maha­rashtra.
Then emerged a band of brilliant singers besides the great trio of Omkarnath Thakur, Vinayakran Patwardhan, and Narayanrao Vyas apart from Paluskar’s son D. V. Paluskar who died young. Nisar Hussain of this gharana trained up another group of disciples namely, Shankar Pandit, Kris narao Pandit, Ramkrishna Bua Vaze and Raja Bhaiya Poonchwale. Even Anant Manohar Joshi, Gajanan Rao Joshi and Bhimsen Joshi were moulded in their formative years by the Gwalior gharana.
Yet another stalwart Inayat Hussain who was Court singer in Nepal brought up the Rampur Sahaswan gayaki with famous singers as Mushtaq Hussain, Fida Hussain and the latter’s sonNisar Hussain Khan.
The basic features of Gwaior gharana were:
  • Very powerful throwing of the voice
  • Dhrupad based Khayal
  • No Alap or aochar but straight presentation of raga through Vilambit and Drut Khayals.
  • Straight and Sapat tanas
  • Powerful Boltans
  • Use of gamakas and Behalawas,
All in all it was a great gayaki, masculine, picturesque, brilliant and very melodious with an awe inspiring repertoire of compositions in many ragas.




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